Common name: Glyphosate
IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
Chemical Abstracts name:N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
CAS RN:[1071-83-6]
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt.: 169.1
Form:Colourless crystals.
B.p.: Decomp. >200 °C
M.p.: 189.5（5 °C）
V.p.: 1.31×10-2 mPa (25 °C)
Kow logP <-3.2 (pH 2-5, 20 °C), (OECD 107; EEC A8)
Henry: <2.1×10-7 Pa m3 mol-1
S.g./density: 1.705 (20 °C)
Solubility In water 11.6 g/l (25 ºC). Insoluble in common organic solvents, e.g. acetone, ethanol and xylene. The alkali-metal and amine salts are readily soluble in water.
Stability Glyphosate and all its salts are non-volatile, do not photochemically degrade and are stable in air. Glyphosate is stable to hydrolysis at pH 3, 6 and 9 (5-35 °C).
TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 5600, mice 11 300, goats 3530 mg/kg.
Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >5000 mg/kg. Eye irritant; non-irritating to skin (rabbits).
Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >4.98 mg/l air.
NOEL (2 y) no ill-effects were observed in rats receiving 410 mg/kg diet daily (average) and, in 1 y feeding trials, no ill-effects were observed in dogs receiving 500 mg/kg daily (highest dose treated).
ADI (JMPR) 0.3 mg/kg b.w.
Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III
EPA (formulation) III
EC hazard (Xi; R41)
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail >3851 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for quail and ducks >4640 mg/kg diet.
Fish LC50 (96 h) for trout 86, bluegill sunfish 120, harlequin fish 168, sheepshead minnow >1000 mg/l.
Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 780 mg/l.
Algae EC50 (72 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum 485 mg/l, (7 d) 13.8 mg/l; (96 h) for Skeletonema costatum 1.2 mg/l, (7 d) 0.64 mg/l; (7 d) for Navicula pelliculosa 42, Anabaena flos-aquae 15 mg/l.
Other aquatic spp. LC50 (96 h) for mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) >1000, grass shrimp 281, fiddler crab 934 mg/l. EC50 (96 h) for sea urchin >1000 mg/l; (14 d) for Lemna gibba 25.5 mg/l. EC50 (48 h) for Litoria moorei tadpole 111 mg/l.
Bees LD50 (contact and oral ) >100 mg/bee.
